One of the most pressing health policy challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic concerns assessing how demographic science can model mortality patterns across groups and regions, as well as determining whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic and social consequences will affect future population dynamics. Post-pandemic policy evaluations regarding the spread of COVID-19 and the impact of lockdown measures should include a comprehensive analysis that goes beyond standard health indicators. Such evaluations must also consider the role of key demographic factors, including age and family structures, co-residence patterns, and individual characteristics such as socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and mobility.